rubysecurity.org

Anecdotes from a Linux Systems Administrator. /root

Home About Books Blog Portfolio Archive

    Tag Cloud


    Currently Reading

    MCA Microsoft Certified Associate Azure Administrator Study Guide: Exam AZ-104
    MCA Microsoft Certified Associate Azure Administrator Study Guide: Exam AZ-104
    308 / 435 Pages


    Latest Book Reviews

    Latest Posts

    September 15, 2024

    Where am I, once again?

    by Alpha01

    Well my last post in this site sure didn’t aged well. Needless to say, I’ve failed miserably on keeping this site more active. While, theirs tons of reasons (good ones of course), it’s inexcusable for me to not have written useful tech content. I’ve been working using really complex technologies, but at home, I’ve kept my homelab personal projects to a minimal. This slightly explains just a little why I’ve been quiet these last two years in here. Thus said, I’ve found new motivation to keep this site more active. So this time around they’ll be more new content in here.

    Tags: [ cloud ]
    August 5, 2023

    Where am I?

    by Alpha01

    It’s exactly one year since I’ve written something meaningful on this tech blog. They’re certainly many reasons (or excuses) on why I haven’t been active these past 365 days. First and foremost is work, while I do get to work with really awesome and new technologies as part of my job as a Cloud Engineer. I do not post anything related to what I’m doing at work, since I’m obviously on an NDA with my employer.

    Thus said, the primary reason why I’ve been fairly quiet for a year, is that I’ve been shifting my personal time off to non-tech or homelab related activities (work-life balance you can say). This doesn’t mean that I’m getting rid off my homelab or anything like that. I still have a lots of blog post drafts and ideas of new cool apps to explore and write about. As well as I’m still reading tech related books (this will certainly never stop!).

    Excuses aside, I’m hoping to return to continue writing posts in here soon.

    Tags: [ cloud ]
    August 6, 2022

    Moved antoniobaltazar.com to GitHub Pages

    by Alpha01

    Since I recently shutdown one my Intel Nuc homelab servers due to space, in addition to going forward I’ll be using public clouds for any testing that requires additional extensive computing. I was forced to migrate off my portfolio from a Kubernetes platform. I’ve been in a GitHub Pages honeymoon, so this was my first choice to move the site too. Since the portfolio site is a simple Node app, the containerized app was already a complete static site. The only dynamic aspect of the application is the custom Gulp automation that is used to compile the Sass assets.

    The only changes I made to get the site to easily publish to Git Hub Pages was restructuring the site files under the _site directory. By default this is the directory that gets used by the configure-pages, upload-pages-artifact, and deploy-pages actions. GitHub has awesome documentation, using their examples I was able to quickly write a Workflow to build the node site, and publish it to GitHub Pages. It was a very extremely easy process! The difficult process was all my fault.

    A while back, I consolidated my Blog, Photos, and Collection Wordpress sites under the domain antoniobaltazar.com. This presented a problem because I can’t simply update DNS and point antoniobaltazar.com to GitHub Pages because it will break access to my other WordPress sites. I use Cloudflare free DNS hosting, so I have very limited access to their Rewrite Page Rules features. So this meant that I would still need to keep antoniobaltazar.com DNS pointing to my current infrastructure, rather than having the complex redirects at the DNS level. Fortunately setting the redirects at the Varnish (http 80) and Nginx (https 443) app level was extremely easy.

    Nginx

    On the Nginx side of things, I didn’t had to change anything on my configuration. Nginx serves as an SSL termination proxy on my environment, so all incoming antoniobaltazar.com https requests are automatically forwarded to my http Varnish backend.

    location / {
    proxy_pass   http://my-varnish-backend/;

    ### Set headers ####
    proxy_set_header        Accept-Encoding   "";
    proxy_set_header        Host            $host;
    proxy_set_header        X-Real-IP       $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header        X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

    ### Most PHP, Python, Rails, Java App can use this header ###
    #proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;##
    #This is better##
    proxy_set_header        X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    add_header              Front-End-Https   on;
    add_header              X-Powered-By "Unicorns";
    add_header              X-hacker "Alpha01";

    client_max_body_size 10m;

    # These headers are only accessible internally
    #more_clear_headers 'x-generator';
    #more_clear_headers 'x-drupal-cache';

    # We expect the downsteam servers to redirect to the right hostname, so don't do any rewrites here.
    proxy_redirect     off;
}

    Varnish

    Its in Varnish where all the magic happens. For the configuration I’m simply redirecting all antoniobaltazar.com requests that don’t belong to my WordPress sites, to the GitHub Pages location https://alpha01.github.io/antoniobaltazar.com.

    sub vcl_recv {
    # Portoflio is now hosted on GitHub Pages
    if (req.http.host ~ "(?i)^(www.)?antoniobaltazar\.(com|org)" && (req.url !~ "/(blog|collection|photos)")) {
        set req.http.host = "https://alpha01.github.io";
        return (synth(750, req.http.host + "/antoniobaltazar.com" + req.url));
    }
}

sub vcl_backend_error {
    # Take care of custom redirects
    if (beresp.status == 750) {
        set beresp.http.Location = beresp.reason;
        set beresp.status = 301;
        return(deliver);
    }
}

    Not a pretty solution, but it does the job.

    Tags: [ github varnish nginx jekyll ]
    August 5, 2022

    Goodbye Drupal, Hello Jekyll

    by Alpha01

    Ever since the Drupal Project had announced support for Drupal was going to drop on November 1, 2023. I’ve been dreading the fact that I was going to be forced to upgrade to Drupal 9. This is mainly because I’m using some modules that I know are no longer being actively developed, and I’ve made some changes to my theme that I know for certain will not be compatible with the new version of Drupal.

    I’ve looked into some static site generations like, Harp and Surge in the past, I but didn’t seemed to get a proper workflow with them to replace Drupal or WordPress for that matter. While I’m not new to the GitHub Pages world, I am new to it’s built-in integration with Jekyll. Recently, I had to use this feature for a work project, and I must say the GitHub Pages built-in integration is Jekyll awesome! Jekyll is a fantastic piece of software. The documentation is very comprehensible and easy to follow.

    So I decided to migrate this site from Drupal 7 to Jekyll. The migration process was relatively painless. The Jekyll project has tons of exporters, including one for Drupal 7. The only caveat (though expected) was that the exported posts were using the content type and taxonomies set for Drupal. In Jekyll these are differently, so after few global search and replace tasks, I was able to easily transform the exported data into useable valid Jekyll content. As far as the theming is concerned, I tried to follow a similar look and view as the previous Drupal 7 site. Overall, as a person with a decent (though at times limited since JavaScript is not my forté) web development skills, customizing Jekyll has been a straight forward process. I would even say it’s easier than Drupal development!

    Perhaps the only drawback of the built-in integration with GitHub Pages and Jekyll is that you only have a set of plugins and themes to work with. This became evident when I was creating a custom pagination page, and GitHub Pages uses a older version of the pagination plugin that isn’t compatible with newer v2 version which most examples found in when Google searching! Thus said, nothing can prevent you from using GitHub Actions to build and publish a Jekyll (or anything static site generator) generated site regardless of plugins or themes.

    This site is now hosted on GitHub Pages, instead of on my homelab infrastructure.

    Tags: [ jekyll github ]
    February 9, 2022

    Goodbye CentOS 8, Hello Rocky Linux

    by Alpha01

    I’m over two months late, to the deadline as support for CentOS 8 stopped on December 31, 2021 and now the project is focusing on the CentOS 8 Stream rolling update distro.

    Instead of converting my CentOS 8 to Stream, I opted to the popular approach of just dumping CentOS in favor of Rocky Linux. The migrating process itself was super easy. My original CentOS 8 system was NOT running the latest version of CentOS prior to its End-Of-Life.

    [root@mail ~]# cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 8.4.2105

[root@mail ~]# sudo dnf update
CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream                                                                                                                                                219  B/s |  38  B     00:00
Error: Failed to download metadata for repo 'appstream': Cannot prepare internal mirrorlist: No URLs in mirrorlist

    Instead of opting to update the repos to point the CentOS archive vault repositories. I wanted to just try the migration from my 8.4.2105 running version. After all this particular system is just a Postfix mailserver, and if it botched completely, I’m easily able to recreate the mail server using my Ansible automation.

    The update process is just a matter of running the migrate2rocky.sh migration shell script.

    [root@mail migrate2rocky]# ./migrate2rocky.sh -r
migrate2rocky - Begin logging at Tue 08 Feb 2022 04:20:57 PM PST.


Removing dnf cache
Preparing to migrate CentOS Linux 8 to Rocky Linux 8.
[...]
Done, please reboot your system.
A log of this installation can be found at /var/log/migrate2rocky.log

    After a few minutes where it applied the changes and them some package updates, the migration script ending without any errors. After rebooting the system, I was able to ssh in normally, verify that the system was in a working state, and verify Postfix still working. The migration worked!

    [root@mail ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
Rocky Linux release 8.5 (Green Obsidian)
[root@mail ~]# cat /etc/rocky-release
Rocky Linux release 8.5 (Green Obsidian)
[root@mail ~]# cat /etc/rocky-release-upstream
Derived from Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.5

    I even used Ansible to see what version it was reading after the migration:

    [root@ansible ~]# ansible mail -m setup -a 'filter=ansible_distribution'
mail.rubyninja.org | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "ansible_distribution": "Rocky",
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": false
}
[root@ansible ~]# ansible mail -m setup -a 'filter=ansible_distribution_version'
mail.rubyninja.org | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "ansible_distribution_version": "8.5",
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": false
}

    The beauty of binary compatible Linux distributions is that although updates are from new repackaged packages, when applied they work flawlessly.

    Ironically, over a decade ago I had to do similar migration from White Box Enterprise Linux to CentOS 3. At the time, I simply had to update the repo URLs, refresh yum, and pull down the latest updates from the CentOS 3 repos. All of which worked beautifully.

    Resources

    Tags: [ centos rhel ]