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Certified Kubernetes Application Developer (CKAD) Study Guide, 2nd Edition

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Simple Bash KVM Virtual Machine Startup and Shutdown Script Posted on December 14, 2024
Deploying Keycloak Identity Provider (IdP) for secure Rancher User Authentication Part 1 Posted on December 12, 2024
Lets Encrypt Posted on December 10, 2024
Deploying Rancher on my Homelab Posted on December 7, 2024
Where am I, once again? Posted on September 15, 2024

December 14, 2024

Simple Bash KVM Virtual Machine Startup and Shutdown Script

by Alpha01

Given that I don’t want my Intel NUC homelab mini pc to sound like a jet engine all day. I wrote a simple bash script that would automatically startup and shutdown my kubernetes VMs easily each day. The script is cron friendly and it works like a charm.

# Start VMs
./rancher.sh start

# Stop (non-gracefully, use virsh shutdown instead)
./rancher.sh destroy 

#!/bin/bash
# set -x

VMS="rancher rke2"

action=$1
if [ -z $action ]; then
    echo "No action passed"
    exit 1
elif [[ "$action" != "destroy" && "$action" != "start" ]]; then
    echo "Unsupported action: $action"
    exit 1
else
    echo "Doing $action"
fi

function vm () {
    vm=$1
    current_vm_state=""
    tmp=$(virsh list --all | grep " $vm " | awk '{ print $3}')
    if ([ "x$tmp" == "x" ] || [ "x$tmp" != "xrunning" ])
    then
        echo "$vm does not exist or is shutdown!"
        current_vm_state="destroy"
    else
       echo "$vm is running!"
        current_vm_state="start"
    fi
    if [ "$action" != "$current_vm_state" ]; then
        virsh $action $vm
    fi
}

for vm in $VMS; do
    vm "$vm"
done

Tags: [ bash rancher kubernetes ]

December 12, 2024

Deploying Keycloak Identity Provider (IdP) for secure Rancher User Authentication Part 1

by Alpha01

No words can explain the constant headaches I’ve gotten throughout my career when working with LDAP in the Unix/Linux world. While I’ve had plenty of experience working with it in the past (https://www.rubysecurity.org/tag/ldap), it’s certainly not the easiest or pleasant thing to work with. So I’m glad to see new (to me at least) Identity Provider (IdP) tools like Keycloak that can help us manage user identities, authentication, and access control across applications and systems in a much easier fashion. But more importantly supporting integrations with authentication mechanisms like OpenID Connect (OIDC), OAuth2, SAML to name a few.

Environment Setup

To get up and running quickly, I opted to deploy Keycloak on a Ubuntu 24.04 VM instead of the container/kubernetes approach.

1). Install required packages.

apt install openjdk-21-jre unzip

2). Download and extract keycloak.

cd /opt
wget https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/releases/download/26.0.5/keycloak-26.0.5.zip
unzip keycloak-26.0.5.zip
ln -s keycloak-26.0.5 keycloak

3). Setup SSL certificates. At this stage, I had manually issued an Let’s Encrypt SSL certificate for sso.rubyninja.org for Keycloak. and copied it over to /opt/keycloak/conf/certs

4). Update the following settings on /opt/keycloak/conf/keycloak.conf.

# Hostname for the Keycloak server.
hostname=sso.rubyninja.org

# The file path to a private key in PEM format.
https-certificate-key-file=/opt/keycloak/conf/certs/MYKEY.key

# The file path to a server certificate or certificate chain in PEM format.
https-certificate-file=/opt/keycloak/conf/certs/MYCERT.crt

5). Create initial bootstrap admin username/password

/opt/keycloak/bin/kc.sh bootstrap-admin user
Enter username [temp-admin]:temp-admin
Enter password:
Enter password again:

5). Start up the application

screen -dm /opt/keycloak/bin/kc.sh start --verbose

After login in with the temp-admin account, I had to manually create a separate admin user.

By no means this is a production ready setup, but for a homelab environment for testing, this setup is more than sufficient for me.

Resources

https://www.keycloak.org/getting-started/getting-started-zip

Tags: [ kubernetes rancher keycloak security ]

December 10, 2024

Lets Encrypt

by Alpha01

I’ve been using Let’s Encrypt for years, and it came to me that I’ve hardly ever really mentioned this awesome service at all! Let’s Encrypt is awesome, plain and simple. I use to throughout my homelab to setup and configure secure access.

Using this awesome is really straight forward. I use the acme.sh script for all ssh requests. The acme.sh script is simple and works beautifully.

Setup

I use the git repository setup method.

git clone https://github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh.git
cd ./acme.sh
./acme.sh --install -m [email protected]

The setup process will create a ~/.acme.sh configuration environment that the script will use to save your Let’s Encrypt issued certificates in.

I use the Automatic DNS API integration approach to verify and issue certificates. For this to work with Cloudflare, I simply just needed to create an API key and export the following two variables.

export CF_Key="EXAMPLEKEY"
export CF_Email="[email protected]"

Afterwards, it’s just a matter of using the acme.sh script.

For example:

./acme.sh --issue --dns dns_cf -d rubyninja.org -d *.antoniobaltazar.com -d *.rubyninja.org -d *.k8s.rubyninja.org -d *.rubysecurity.org

The really cool thing is that the script is smart enough to save the environments under ~/.acme.sh/account.conf for future use (certs are valid for 90 days). In addition it supports wildcards certificates, as well as it being cron friendly!

Resources

Tags: [ letsencrypt security ]

December 7, 2024

Deploying Rancher on my Homelab

by Alpha01

Finally! A new post on my technical site that I feel it’s post worthy. So, I’ve been working with Rancher on a daily basis for a few years now. The last time I ran this awesome application on my homelab, I was using RKE for the Kubernetes distribution. This time I’m using the new and improved RKE2.

I wanted to have a Rancher environment on my homelab so I can experiment and play around with this awesome piece of technology. So I decided to spend some time setting up a fully functional Rancher environment on my homelab.

This is just the initial setup doc, of course I’m going to be adding more components to overly engineer my Rancher and Kubernetes homelab environment as much as possible.

Homelab Infra

Ubuntu Host System (Intel NUC)
Hypervisor: KVM
Networking: BIND DNS and ISC DHCP

VM Host Information

OS: Ubuntu 24.04.x
Hostname: https://rancher.k8s.rubyninja.org/
Kubernetes Distribution: RKE2 v1.30.5+rke2r1

Stack

Rancher Community (Management Plane)
MetalLB (LB IP Addressing)
Nginx Ingress Controller (Ingress)
Cert-manager ACME Let’s Encrypt Issuer (SSL/TLS)
Istio (Service Mesh)
Keycloak (Identity Provider)
Knative (Serverles)
Longhorn (Block Storage)
Minio (Object Storage)
Grafana Loki (Logs)

0). Added the following Helm chart repositories:

helm repo add rancher-stable https://releases.rancher.com/server-charts/stable
helm repo add jetstack       https://charts.jetstack.io
helm repo add ingress-nginx  https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx
helm repo add metallb        https://metallb.github.io/metallb
helm repo update

1). Disabled rke2-ingress-nginx add-on /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml

disable: rke2-ingress-nginx

2). Install RKE2

curl -sfL https://get.rke2.io | sh -
systemctl enable rke2-server.service

export PATH=$PATH:/var/lib/rancher/rke2/bin/
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/rancher/rke2/rke2.yam

3). Install MetalLB

helm install metallb metallb/metallb --version 0.14.8 --create-namespace -n metallb-system

4). MetalLB Configuration for the Nginx Ingress Controller for Rancher

kubectl -n metallb-system apply -f - <<EOF
apiVersion: metallb.io/v1beta1
kind: IPAddressPool
metadata:
  name: rancher
spec:
  addresses:
  - 192.168.1.71-192.168.1.73
---
apiVersion: metallb.io/v1beta1
kind: L2Advertisement
metadata:
  name: rancher
spec:
  ipAddressPools:
  - rancher
EOF

5). Install Nginx Ingress Controller.

helm install ingress-nginx ingress-nginx/ingress-nginx --version 4.11.3 -n ingress-system

6). Install cert-manager.

helm upgrade \
  cert-manager jetstack/cert-manager \
  --install \
  --create-namespace \
  --namespace cert-manager \
  --version v1.16.1 \
  --set crds.enabled=true \
  --set dns01RecursiveNameservers="8.8.8.8:53" \
  --set dns01RecursiveNameserversOnly=true \
  --set global.logLevel=4

I needed to use Google’s Public DNS for the recursive nameserver, otherwise it will default to my local BIND DNS which cert-manger owner verification process would fail because the requesting SSL/TLS certificates for rancher.k8s.rubyninja.org are hosted on local homelab BIND DNS server.

7). I’m using the DNS verification process for cert-manager Let’s Encrypt. So I needed to configure cert-manager to talk to Cloudflare since rubyninja.org public domain is hosted by them.

Create API key as outlined on the Cloudflare Create API token document, and create the Kubernetes Secret with the corresponding API key data.

kubectl create secret generic cloudflare-cred --from-literal api-key="<retracted>" -n cert-manager

8). Now I was able to configure my ClusterIssuer cert-manager resource.

kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
apiVersion: cert-manager.io/v1
kind: ClusterIssuer
metadata:
  name: letsencrypt-cloudflare-prod
spec:
  acme:
    # The ACME server URL
    server: https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
    # Email address used for ACME registration
    email: <RETRACTED>
    # Name of a secret used to store the ACME account private key
    privateKeySecretRef:
      name: letsencrypt-cloudflare-prod-key
    solvers:
      - dns01:
          cloudflare:
            email: <RETRACTED>
            apiKeySecretRef:
              name: cloudflare-cred
              key: api-key
        selector:
          dnsZones:
           - "rubyninja.org"
EOF

9). Created the cattle-namespace namespace for the Certificate cert-manager object and SSL/TLS issued certificate that will be saved as a Kubernetes secret and later be used for the Rancher installation.

kubectl create ns cattle-system

kubectl -n cattle-system apply -f - <<EOF
apiVersion: cert-manager.io/v1
kind: Certificate
metadata:
  name: rancher-k8s-rubyninja-org
spec:
  dnsNames:
  - rancher.k8s.rubyninja.org
  issuerRef:
    group: cert-manager.io
    kind: ClusterIssuer
    name: letsencrypt-cloudflare-prod
  secretName: rancher-k8s-rubyninja-org
EOF

Afterwards, the kubernetes.io/tls type Secret rancher-k8s-rubyninja-org was created on the cattle-system namespace with the corresponding certificate key pair issued by Let’s Encrypt. The Cert-manager Troubleshooting documentation has really straight forward explanation of the entire issuer process in case you run into problems getting an SSL/TLS certificate.

10). Finally, install Rancher.

helm upgrade --install rancher rancher-stable/rancher --version 2.9.2 \
  --namespace cattle-system \
  --set hostname=rancher.k8s.rubyninja.org \
  --set agentTLSMode="system-store" \
  --set ingress.ingressClassName=nginx \
  --set ingress.tls.source="secret" \
  --set ingress.tls.secretName="rancher-k8s-rubyninja-org" \
  --set bootstrapPassword="ChangeMe12345"

NOTE: For some reason the default bootstrap password didn’t seem to work for me, so I had to manually reset it at the Pod level.

kubectl --kubeconfig $KUBECONFIG -n cattle-system exec $(kubectl --kubeconfig $KUBECONFIG -n cattle-system get pods -l app=rancher | grep '1/1' | head -1 | awk '{ print $1 }') -- reset-password

Resources

Tags: [ kubernetes rancher cert-manager letsencrypt ]

September 15, 2024

Where am I, once again?

by Alpha01

Well my last post in this site sure didn’t aged well. Needless to say, I’ve failed miserably on keeping this site more active. While, theirs tons of reasons (good ones of course), it’s inexcusable for me to not have written useful tech content. I’ve been working using really complex technologies, but at home, I’ve kept my homelab personal projects to a minimal. This slightly explains just a little why I’ve been quiet these last two years in here. Thus said, I’ve found new motivation to keep this site more active. So this time around they’ll be more new content in here.

Tags: [ cloud ]

rubysecurity.org

Cloud Architect / DevOps Engineer / SRE / Developer | /root

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Simple Bash KVM Virtual Machine Startup and Shutdown Script

Deploying Keycloak Identity Provider (IdP) for secure Rancher User Authentication Part 1

Environment Setup

Resources

Lets Encrypt

Setup

Resources

Deploying Rancher on my Homelab

Homelab Infra

VM Host Information

Stack

Resources

Where am I, once again?